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Wine (recursive acronym for Wine Is Not an Emulator) is a free and open source compatibility layer software application that aims to allow applications designed for Microsoft Windows to run on Unix-like operating systems. Wine also provides a software library, known as Winelib, against which developers can compile Windows applications to help port them to Unix-like systems.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Winelib )〕 It duplicates functions of Windows by providing alternative implementations of the DLLs that Windows programs call,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Wine architecture )〕 and a process to substitute for the Windows NT kernel. This method of duplication differs from other methods that might also be considered emulation, where Windows programs run in a virtual machine. Wine is predominantly written using black-box testing reverse-engineering, to avoid copyright issues. The name ''Wine'' initially was an acronym for '' Windows emulator''.〔(WINE FAQ ) Old meaning of the name even used until 1997〕 Its meaning later shifted to the recursive backronym, ''Wine is not an emulator'' in order to differentiate the software from CPU emulators.〔(Wine Is Not an Emulator ) First proposal to change the meaning of the name WINE〕 While the name sometimes appears in the forms ''WINE'' and ''wine'', the project developers have agreed to standardize on the form ''Wine''. The phrase "wine is not an emulator" is a reference to the fact that no processor code execution emulation occurs when running a Windows application under Wine. "Emulation" usually refers to the execution of compiled code intended for one processor (such as x86) by interpreting/recompiling software running on a different processor (such as PowerPC). Such emulation is almost always much slower than execution of the same code by the processor for which the code was compiled. In Wine, the Windows application's compiled x86 code runs at full native speed on the computer's x86 processor, just as it does when running under Windows. Windows system services are also supplied by Wine, in the form of wineserver. In a 2007 survey by desktoplinux.com of 38,500 Linux desktop users, 31.5% of respondents reported using Wine to run Windows applications.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.desktoplinux.com/cgi-bin/survey/survey.cgi?view=archive&id=0813200712407 )〕 This plurality was larger than all x86 virtualization programs combined, as well as larger than the 27.9% who reported not running Windows applications. ==History== Bob Amstadt, the initial project leader, and Eric Youngdale started the Wine project in 1993 as a way to run Windows applications on Linux. It was inspired by two Sun Microsystems' products, the Wabi for the Solaris operating system, and the Public Windows Initiative, which was an attempt to get the Windows API fully reimplemented in the public domain as an ISO standard but rejected due to pressure from Microsoft in 1996. Wine originally targeted 16-bit applications for Windows 3.x, but focuses on 32-bit and 64-bit versions which have become the standard on newer operating systems. The project originated in discussions on Usenet in (comp.os.linux ) in June 1993. Alexandre Julliard has led the project since 1994. The project has proven time-consuming and difficult for the developers, mostly because of incomplete and incorrect documentation of the Windows API. While Microsoft extensively documents most Win32 functions, some areas such as file formats and protocols have no publicly available specification from Microsoft. Microsoft Windows also includes undocumented low-level functions, undocumented behavior and obscure bugs that Wine must duplicate precisely in order to allow some applications to work properly. Consequently, the Wine team has reverse-engineered many function calls and file formats in such areas as thunking. The Wine project originally released Wine under the same MIT License as the X Window System, but owing to concern about proprietary versions of Wine not contributing their changes back to the core project, work as of March 2002 has used the LGPL for its licensing. Wine officially entered beta with version 0.9 on 25 October 2005.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Beta! )〕 Version 1.0 was released on 17 June 2008, after 15 years of development. Version 1.2 was released on 16 July 2010, version 1.4 on 7 March 2012〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Wine Announcement )〕 and version 1.6 on 18 July 2013. Development versions are released roughly every two weeks. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wine (software)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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